tracing/remotes: Catch nr_page_va overflow in ring_buffer_desc sizing
The number of pages per remote ring buffer is capped by
ring_buffer_desc::nr_page_va (32 bits). A buffer_size large enough to
overflow that field would silently allocate a descriptor smaller than
what was asked for.
Return SIZE_MAX from trace_buffer_desc_size() on nr_page_va overflow.
tracing/remotes: Account for ring buffer page header in size calculation
trace_buffer_desc_size() and trace_remote_alloc_buffer() undercount the
required pages because every ring buffer page contains a header
(BUF_PAGE_HDR_SIZE). Account for that header to ensure allocated remote
ring buffers aren't smaller than requested by the user.
The newly introduced helper __calc_nr_pages_ring_buffer_desc() can
return a value that overflows the descriptor nr_pages field (32 bits).
Ali Ahmet Memiş [Fri, 11 Sep 2026 15:56:47 +0000 (18:56 +0300)]
tracing: Don't dereference trace_event_file in deferred trigger free
The enable_event trigger defers trace_event_put_ref() to the
trigger free kthread, but the trace_event_file can already be freed
when the instance is removed.
Keep the trace_event_call directly in enable_trigger_data so the
deferred free does not access the freed trace_event_file.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: e091351b3881 ("tracing: Delay module ref count for "enable_event" trigger") Reported-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260828134340.2501683A24-agordeev@linux.ibm.com/ Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260911155650.354844-1-aliamemis@disroot.org Signed-off-by: Ali Ahmet Memiş <aliamemis@disroot.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Leon Hwang [Fri, 11 Sep 2026 14:25:12 +0000 (22:25 +0800)]
ftrace: Use rcu_assign_pointer() for tmp_ops filter hash
tmp_ops.func_hash->filter_hash is annotated __rcu, but
update_ftrace_direct_mod() assigns hash to it directly. Sparse reports an
address-space mismatch.
Use rcu_assign_pointer() for the assignment.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260911142512.19344-1-leon.hwang@linux.dev Fixes: 50b35c9e50a8 ("ftrace: Use hash argument for tmp_ops in update_ftrace_direct_mod") Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202609110704.Q3M5vCDV-lkp@intel.com/ Signed-off-by: Leon Hwang <leon.hwang@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
ring-buffer: Acquire the lock with irqsave in rb_wake_up_waiters()
rb_wake_up_waiters() is a irq_work callback which is initialized with
init_irq_work(). As such it will be invoked in thread context on
PREEMPT_RT. Invoking the callback in IRQ context on PREEMPT_RT is not an
option due its usage of wake_up_all(). Since this callback may run in
thread context, it needs to acquire ring_buffer_per_cpu::reader_lock with
disabling interrupts and may not assume that they are disabled.
Use raw_spinlock_irqsave() to acquire ring_buffer_per_cpu::reader_lock.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260911102152.YEtwkBj9@linutronix.de Fixes: 68282dd930ea3 ("ring-buffer: Fix resetting of shortest_full") Reviewed-by: Vincent Donnefort <vdonnefort@google.com> Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Steven Rostedt [Fri, 11 Sep 2026 02:12:09 +0000 (22:12 -0400)]
tracing: Take trace_array reference when opening a tracer options file
When a tracer option file is opened, it is passed a descriptor that points
to an element on the trace_array's topts array. This element has
information to find the trace array and other information. It uses this
element to take a reference of the trace_array so that the trace_array
does not get removed while this file is opened.
Unfortunately, there's a race condition where the element itself could be
freed by the removal of the instance the trace_array represents causing a
use-after-free as this element that is used to find the trace_array to
increment its reference counter is also freed when the instance is
removed.
To solve this, add a trace_array_tracer_options_get() helper function that
will take the address of the element that is passed to the open function
by the inode->i_private pointer and search all the trace_arrays under a
lock to find the one that the element's address is in the range of the
trace_arrays topts array elements. When a match happens, that trace_array's
reference would be increased.
Note, there's a race where if an admin was deleting and creating trace
instances at the same time and the memory of the old trace_array's array
matched the memory of the new trace_array that it could in theory open the
option from the wrong trace array. But we do not care because it would be
stupid to perform that kind of action. As long as the only thing that can
happen is that the option from the wrong trace array is used and doesn't
crash the kernel it will only make the user confused. But if they are
doing something stupid like this, they are already confused, so no harm
done.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260910221209.62dad8d3@robin Fixes: 7e2cfbd2d3c86 ("tracing: Have option files inc the trace array ref count") Reported-by: sashiko-bot@kernel.org Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-trace-kernel/20260902121918.5a9e9d1b@gandalf.local.home/ Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
ring_buffer_read_page_size() takes a parameter named rpage, but its
kernel-doc describes page. As a result, kernel-doc reports rpage as
undescribed and page as an excess parameter description.
Rename the documentation entry to match the function.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260909062917.89482-1-kmehltretter@gmail.com Fixes: dae8dda341d2 ("tracing: Fix subbuf resize races with trace_pipe_raw readers") Assisted-by: LLM Signed-off-by: Karl Mehltretter <kmehltretter@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Vincent Donnefort <vdonnefort@google.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
tracing: Restore :mod: trailer after parsing in ftrace_set_clr_event()
While ftrace_set_clr_event() modifies its input buffer during parsing,
before returning to the caller the buffer is supposed to be restored
to its original state.
This works correctly for the colon between the subsystem and event
but not the colon at the beginning of :mod:.
Restore the colon, so the :mod: trailer is not stripped after
ftrace_set_clr_event().
tracing: Fix memory corruption from a "STACKTRACE" histogram key
"cpu", "CPU", "stacktrace" and "STACKTRACE" are generic fields, defined
with an offset and a size of zero so that the filter code can match them
by name. parse_field() maps them onto their common_* equivalents for
backward compatibility, but unlike the common_* names it hands the
placeholder back to the caller instead of NULL.
create_hist_field() takes a non-NULL field as a promise that the record
carries a stacktrace and picks HIST_FIELD_FN_STACK, so the __data_loc
word is read from offset 0, that is from common_type, and its low 16
bits are followed as an offset into the record. What is found there
becomes the length of an unbounded memcpy. Pick an event whose id is
small enough that the offset stays inside its own record and the length
is a kernel text address:
Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address
RIP: 0010:rb_next+0x23/0x60
</IRQ>
RIP: 0010:memcpy+0xc/0x30
event_hist_trigger+0x2e7/0x12c0
Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt
Leave the field NULL, which is what the comment above the branch says
the code does and what common_stacktrace already does. FILTER_CPU and
FILTER_COMM are left alone, their create_hist_field() branches never
look at the field.
tracing: Fix memory corruption from the histogram stacktrace modifier
parse_field() sets HIST_FIELD_FL_STACKTRACE from the ".stacktrace"
modifier before it looks the field name up, and nothing afterwards
checks that the name resolved to a field which holds a stacktrace.
create_hist_field() picks HIST_FIELD_FN_STACK on the strength of the
field pointer alone, which reads a __data_loc word from the record and
follows its low 16 bits as an offset into the same record.
event_hist_trigger() takes the first word there as an entry count and
copies that many longs into a 31 entry array:
The timer interrupt landed on the rbtree the copy had already run over.
No debug options are needed for this; KASAN reports the same write as an
out-of-bounds read of 13835058055416381440 bytes.
Documentation/trace/histogram.rst already states the rule, "must be a
long[] type", so enforce it once the name has been resolved. Names which
resolve to no field at all, "hitcount.stacktrace" and the common_*
pseudo-fields, are refused for the same reason: they hold no stacktrace
to read.
tracing: Undo the registration when enabling the histogram trigger fails
Commit 6f86bdeab633 ("tracing: Fix bad hist from corrupting named_triggers
list") described how a trigger that is registered but not on file->triggers
ends up freed while still on the global named_triggers list, and moved the
registration down so that hist_trigger_enable() follows it immediately. One
path still gets there. hist_trigger_enable() adds the trigger and takes it
straight back out when the event cannot be enabled:
list_add_tail_rcu(&data->list, &file->triggers);
update_cond_flag(file);
if (trace_event_trigger_enable_disable(file, 1) < 0) {
list_del_rcu(&data->list);
update_cond_flag(file);
ret--;
}
so the list walk in hist_unregister_trigger() matches nothing, test stays
NULL, and the ->free() that would call del_named_trigger() is skipped.
out_unreg falls through to out_free, which frees the trigger anyway:
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in find_named_trigger+0xac/0xc0
Read of size 8 at addr ffff8880091d3160 by task init/1
find_named_trigger+0xac/0xc0
hist_register_trigger+0xc1/0xa00
event_hist_trigger_parse+0x3146/0x6af0
event_trigger_write+0xce/0x160
Freed by task 69:
kfree+0x154/0x420
trigger_kthread_fn+0xfd/0x160
Leave the trigger where hist_unregister_trigger() can find it and let that
undo the registration, which is the only code that knows all of what
cmd_ops->init() took: the named list entry, the hist_pad reference, the
reference on the trigger a named histogram is shared with, and the copied
cmd_ops. It also pairs the failed trace_event_trigger_enable_disable(),
whose sm_ref and buffered event reference are otherwise left behind.
Since ->free() releases trigger_data and, for a trigger that does not share
its histogram, hist_data with it, out_unreg can no longer fall through to
out_free. For a trigger that does share, hist_register_trigger() has
already destroyed the caller's hist_data, so the fall-through was reading
freed memory there as well.
Move the enable_timestamps check in hist_unregister_trigger() above the
->free() call for the same reason: hist_data does not outlive it once the
trigger being removed is the one that owns it.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: 067fe038e70f ("tracing: Add variable reference handling to hist triggers") Reported-by: Sashiko AI <sashiko-bot@kernel.org> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-trace-kernel/20260907092944.3950E1F00A3D@smtp.kernel.org/ Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260907124420.607097-3-donggeunyoo.kernel@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Donggeun Yoo <donggeunyoo.kernel@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
tracing: Take the reference before publishing the named histogram trigger
event_hist_trigger_named_init() puts the trigger on the global
named_triggers list and only then takes the reference on the trigger it
shares its histogram with:
data->ref++;
save_named_trigger(data->named_data->name, data);
ret = event_hist_trigger_init(data->named_data);
if (ret < 0) {
kfree(data->cmd_ops);
data->cmd_ops = &trigger_hist_cmd;
}
return ret;
event_hist_trigger_init() fails when alloc_hist_pad() cannot allocate, and
nothing takes the trigger back off the list on the way out.
event_hist_trigger_parse() frees it, and the next lookup by name reads the
freed object:
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in find_named_trigger+0xac/0xc0
Read of size 8 at addr ffff888009346860 by task init/1
find_named_trigger+0xac/0xc0
hist_register_trigger+0xc1/0xa00
event_hist_trigger_parse+0x3146/0x6af0
event_trigger_write+0xce/0x160
Freed by task 67:
kfree+0x154/0x420
trigger_kthread_fn+0xfd/0x160
Do the reference first and publish once it has succeeded, so that nothing
which can fail runs after the trigger becomes findable.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: 7ab0fc61ce73 ("tracing: Move histogram trigger variables from stack to per CPU structure") Reported-by: Sashiko AI <sashiko-bot@kernel.org> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-trace-kernel/20260907092944.3950E1F00A3D@smtp.kernel.org/ Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260907124420.607097-2-donggeunyoo.kernel@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Donggeun Yoo <donggeunyoo.kernel@gmail.com> Acked-by: Tom Zanussi <zanussi@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
tracing: Set the trace clock before registering the histogram trigger
hist_register_trigger() puts the trigger on the global named_triggers
list in cmd_ops->init(), and only then sets the trace clock:
if (data->cmd_ops->init) {
ret = data->cmd_ops->init(data);
if (ret < 0)
goto out;
}
if (hist_data->enable_timestamps) {
ret = tracing_set_clock(file->tr, hist_data->attrs->clock);
if (ret) {
hist_err(tr, HIST_ERR_SET_CLOCK_FAIL, errpos(clock));
goto out;
}
The clock string is not checked anywhere before that call, so a named
trigger using common_timestamp with an unknown clock fails after it has
already become findable. event_hist_trigger_parse() then frees it
without taking it off the list, and the next lookup by name reads the
freed object:
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in find_named_trigger+0xac/0xc0
Read of size 8 at addr ffff88800915d760 by task init/1
find_named_trigger+0xac/0xc0
hist_register_trigger+0xc1/0x900
event_hist_trigger_parse+0x3146/0x6af0
event_trigger_write+0xce/0x160
Freed by task 63:
kfree+0x154/0x420
trigger_kthread_fn+0xfd/0x160
Set the clock before the trigger is registered, so that nothing which
can fail runs after it is published, the way commit 6f86bdeab633
("tracing: Fix bad hist from corrupting named_triggers list") moved the
registration below the rest of the setup.
tracing_set_filter_buffering() is reference counted, so the init failure
path has to drop the reference that the clock block now takes first.
Correct "preceeded" to "Preceded", reported by scripts/checkpatch.pl using
the misspelling list in scripts/spelling.txt. Only touches comments, no
code changes.
Correct "availabe" to "available", reported by scripts/checkpatch.pl using
the misspelling list in scripts/spelling.txt. Only touches comments, no
code changes.
tracing: Let histogram values keep the percent and graph modifiers
The .percent and .graph modifiers exist only for histogram values, but a
value carrying either of them has been rejected since v6.3. The example
in Documentation/trace/histogram.rst,
parse_field() sets the two flags only when the field is neither a key nor
a variable, that is, only on a value:
} else if (strncmp(modifier, "percent", 7) == 0) {
if (*flags & (HIST_FIELD_FL_VAR | HIST_FIELD_FL_KEY))
goto error;
*flags |= HIST_FIELD_FL_PERCENT;
__create_val_field() then rejects a value for carrying them, so no field
can reach hist_trigger_print_val(), where both are implemented.
commit e0213434fe3e ("tracing: Do not let histogram values have some
modifiers") added the check after a value with .buckets oopsed in
hist_field_name(). That happens because .buckets and .log2 make
create_hist_field() build a nested field in operands[0] which
hist_field_name() then walks into. The percent and graph flags do not
create an operand and are not read by hist_field_name(); they are only
used when printing a value.
Stop rejecting the two flags on a value. The check for variables is left
alone, where they are unreachable anyway because parse_field() rejects a
variable carrying them first.
With the two flags removed, the trigger above installs and prints as
documented:
tracing: Keep the entry count when the histogram stats allocation fails
print_entries() uses n_entries both as the number of sort entries and as
its own return value, so the -ENOMEM it stores when the stats allocation
fails overwrites the count that the cleanup still needs:
tracing_map_destroy_sort_entries() takes an unsigned int and loops up to
it, so -ENOMEM arrives as 4294967284. It walks an array of at most
map->max_elts pointers and calls destroy_sort_entry(), which dereferences
and frees, on whatever lies past the end.
Reading the hist file of a trigger with a .percent value, with that
allocation forced to fail:
BUG: KASAN: vmalloc-out-of-bounds in tracing_map_destroy_sort_entries+0xa0/0xb0
Read of size 8 at addr ffffc90000045000 by task init/1
tracing_map_destroy_sort_entries+0xa0/0xb0
hist_show+0x6f7/0x1df0
seq_read_iter+0x2b8/0x1190
vfs_read+0x176/0xa40
The buggy address belongs to a 4-page vmalloc region starting at ffffc90000041000 allocated at tracing_map_sort_entries+0x5c/0xd50
A few pages further the fault is fatal. The registers at the oops confirm
the bound: the loop's end pointer less the array start, over the pointer
size, is 4294967284.
Return the error in a separate variable and leave n_entries holding the
count, the way tracing_map_sort_entries() does on its own error path.
The stats block is only entered for a value carrying .percent or .graph,
which __create_val_field() has rejected since v6.3, so this cannot be
reached in mainline as it stands. It becomes reachable again with
"tracing: hist: let values keep the percent and graph modifiers", so it
should be applied first.
tracing: Free histogram the field rejected for a bad modifier
Writing a hist trigger whose value or variable carries a modifier that is
not allowed there leaks the fields that were built for it.
__create_val_field() takes the field from parse_expr() and stores it in
hist_data->fields[] only after the modifier checks have run:
hist_field = parse_expr(hist_data, file, field_str, flags, var_name,
&n_subexprs);
...
if (hist_field->flags & HIST_FIELD_FL_VAR) {
if (hist_field->flags & (...))
goto err;
} else {
if (hist_field->flags & (...))
goto err;
}
hist_data->fields[val_idx] = hist_field;
Both checks jump past that store, and the err label returns without
freeing anything. The error unwinds to create_hist_data(), which calls
destroy_hist_data() -> destroy_hist_fields(), and that reaches a field
only by walking fields[]. A field that never got there is unreachable.
commit e0213434fe3e ("tracing: Do not let histogram values have some
modifiers") set ret to -EINVAL and fell through to the store, which left
the field owned by fields[] and freed along with the rest of hist_data.
Splitting the check into a value case and a variable case replaced that
fall-through with a goto that skips it.
each correctly rejected with -EINVAL, leave 332 unreferenced objects
(63744 bytes) reported at create_hist_field(); 200 install and remove
cycles of a valid trigger leave none. A '.log2' field is two
allocations, since create_hist_field() puts the plain field in
operands[0] of the log2 field, and both are reported.
Use destroy_hist_field() rather than __destroy_hist_field() so that
operands[0] is freed as well. It returns early for HIST_FIELD_FL_VAR_REF,
which is what an operand owned by hist_data->var_refs[] needs; the
rejected field itself is never a var ref, because a var ref never carries
a modifier flag.
tracing: Free histogram the var ref when its initialization fails
create_var_ref() allocates a VAR_REF hist_field and then calls
init_var_ref() to fill it in. When that fails the field is leaked.
commit 656fe2ba85e8 ("tracing: Use hist trigger's var_ref array to destroy
var_refs") made destroy_hist_field() return early for
HIST_FIELD_FL_VAR_REF, since var refs are freed by walking the trigger's
var_refs[] array instead. create_var_ref() adds the field to that array
only after init_var_ref() has succeeded, so on this path the field is in
neither place and nothing frees it. The call was correct when it was
written, before var refs were taken out of destroy_hist_field().
init_var_ref() cannot free it either. The caller owns the field, so
init_var_ref() undoes only its own string allocations and leaves the
field alone. Freeing it there would leave create_var_ref() passing freed
memory to destroy_hist_field(), which reads its flags.
Call __destroy_hist_field(), which frees the field without consulting
the flag.
tracing: Free histogram var refs regardless of how often they are referenced
Using the same variable three or more times in one hist trigger leaks the
variable reference and its strings when the trigger is removed.
commit 656fe2ba85e8 ("tracing: Use hist trigger's var_ref array to destroy
var_refs") made a trigger's var_refs[] array the only owner of a var ref:
destroy_hist_field() returns early for HIST_FIELD_FL_VAR_REF, so the field
expressions never destroy one. One entry, freed once, no count needed.
commit 8bcebc77e85f ("tracing: Fix histogram code when expression has same
var as value") then made repeated references share one object and added a
count of them. Only the increment side exists, since those expressions
still return early and never drop a reference, so __destroy_hist_field()
sees how many references were created rather than how many are left. It
frees when the decremented count is 0 or 1, so two references work and
three or more leak.
Sharing kept one array entry per object, and create_var_ref() searches and
appends within a single trigger, so nothing outside it holds the object.
Removing a trigger whose variables are still referenced is already refused
by check_var_refs() with -EBUSY. Drop the count and free unconditionally.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260906124025.3550596-1-donggeunyoo.kernel@gmail.com Fixes: 8bcebc77e85f ("tracing: Fix histogram code when expression has same var as value") Signed-off-by: Donggeun Yoo <donggeunyoo.kernel@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
function_graph: Use the saved entry's size when reprinting it
When a graph entry does not fit in the trace_seq, print_graph_entry()
saves it in the iterator's fgraph_data and reprints it on the next read.
The entry has already been consumed from the ring buffer by then, so the
copy is all that is left of it.
The copy is sized with iter->ent_size, which no longer describes the
saved entry but whatever entry the iterator has moved on to. The
argument count is derived from the same field, so a 72 byte entry saved
and then reprinted ahead of a 48 byte return entry loses its arguments.
Record the size next to the failure flag, so that the two are always set
together, and restore it before reprinting.
FGRAPH_MAX_INDEX has no user, and it expands to FGRAPH_INDEX_SIZE and
FGRAPH_RET_INDEX, neither of which is defined anywhere in the tree. It
was added in that form by commit 91c46b0aa917 ("function_graph:
Implement fgraph_reserve_data() and fgraph_retrieve_data()"), which
introduced the current data word layout under new names, so anything
referencing it would have failed to build ever since.
Jérémy Jean [Sat, 22 Aug 2026 19:53:22 +0000 (19:53 +0000)]
ftrace: fork: Initialize function graph state before copy_exec_state()
dup_task_struct() copies the parent's task_struct, including ret_stack.
ftrace_graph_init_task() clears the copied function graph state, but it
currently runs after copy_exec_state().
For non-CLONE_VM forks, copy_exec_state() allocates a new task_exec_state.
If that allocation fails, copy_process() reaches bad_fork_free and
free_task() calls ftrace_graph_exit_task(). Since the child still carries
the parent's ret_stack pointer, the unwind frees the parent's active
function graph return stack. The parent subsequently accesses freed memory
from function_graph_enter_regs().
Henry Martin [Fri, 4 Sep 2026 11:52:23 +0000 (19:52 +0800)]
tracing/user_events: Don't destroy fields when event removal fails
destroy_user_event() destroys the event's fields before attempting to
remove the trace event call. If user_event_set_call_visible() fails,
e.g. because the event is still enabled and trace_remove_event_call()
returns -EBUSY, the event is left registered with an irreversibly
destroyed field list. Any subsequent interaction with the event then
operates on an empty field list while it is still fully visible in
tracefs.
Move the field destruction after the call removal, and splice the
field list back onto the event when the removal fails so the event
remains in a consistent state.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260904115223.2976446-1-bsdhenrymartin@gmail.com Fixes: 7f5a08c79df35 ("user_events: Add minimal support for trace_event into ftrace") Signed-off-by: Henry Martin <bsdhenrymartin@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Beau Belgrave <beaub@linux.microsoft.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Merge tag 'trace-v7.3-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace
Pull tracing fixes from Steven Rostedt:
- Fix several tracefs files that did not take the trace_array reference
A trace instance can be created and destroyed in the tracefs
"instances" directory via mkdir and rmdir respectively. The instance
is represented by a trace_array descriptor.
Most tracefs files pass the trace_array as the private data of the
inode to the open/read/write functions. Since there is no locking
between the time a task opens a file and the deletion of the instance
(and the freeing of the trace_array), each open needs to get a
reference to the trace_array and each close must remove it.
An instance can't be removed if there's any reference taken on its
trace_array. The open function uses trace_array_get() that takes a
lock (preventing removal of instances) and iterates the list of all
existing trace_arrays and if it finds a match, it takes the reference
and releases the lock. If it doesn't find a match, it causes the open
to return -ENODEV.
There were some added files that did not take the trace_array
reference on open that needed to be fixed. Sashiko also correctly
pointed out that there were some files that took an address of an
field or element of the trace_array which had a pointer back to the
trace_array to take its reference on open. But this leaves a slight
race between referencing this element to get the trace_array as the
element itself could be freed. To solve this, some helper functions
were created to look for trace_arrays with this field or element in
the search so that the element did not have to be dereferenced before
the trace_array's reference was taken.
- Add a lock around ftrace_ops initialization
When a ftrace_ops is first used by ftrace, some internal
initialization is performed on the ops. But if multiple tasks were
calling functions that did this initialization, it could race and
perform doing the initialization more than once, corrupting the
internal data. Add a lock in the initialization code to prevent this
from happening.
- Fix splice reads on mmapped buffers
The logic in the ring buffer splice code for mmapped buffers is
supposed to do a copy of the memory as the mapped buffers can't be
given to splice. But there was an if statement within the copy code
that would return a -1 if a request for a full page was done and it
wasn't a partial read. This is because this logic was written before
mmapped buffers existed and this case didn't make sense at the time.
For mmapped buffers it makes perfect sense and by returning early can
drop a lot of pages unnecessarily.
- Have the persistent ring buffer validation check nr_subbufs
Sashiko reported that the validation code was relying on the saved
nr_subbufs to match the calculated nr_pages + 1 and if they were off,
that the code could cause corruption. Sashiko is correct, and the
saved nr_subbufs should be validated before assuming it is correct.
- Do not allow more than one instance with the same name on cmdline
If an admin were to add more than one trace instances with the same
name they all would be created, but only the first one would be
accessible via tracefs. This used to not be allowed but some
restructuring of code has since made it possible.
- Fix the race between subbuf resize and trace_pipe_raw readers
If a task was reading trace_pipe_raw while another task was changing
the ring buffer subbuf size, it could crash the reader. The
trace_pipe_raw readers do get their own copy of the page from the
buffer, but the code needs some restructuring to not have the resize
of the subbuffers cause issues.
- Cap the size of the mapped (static) ring buffer nr_pages
The meta data used for ring buffer mapped buffers is 32 bit in size.
A normal ring buffer could (in theory) have more than 4 billion
pages. But this is not allowed by mapped buffers, so enforce it.
* tag 'trace-v7.3-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace:
ring-buffer: Use a macro for static buffer bits
tracing: Fix comment in tracing_buffers_splice_read()
ring-buffer: Prevent truncation of nr_pages / nr_subbufs
ring-buffer: Cap static ring buffer nr_pages
tracing: Fix subbuf resize races with trace_pipe_raw readers
tracing: Fix to avoid creating trace instances with duplicate names
ring-buffer: Add checking nr_subbufs to persistent ring buffer validation
ring-buffer: Allow splice reads on static buffers
tracing: Take trace_array reference when opening options file
ftrace: Synchronize the initialization of ftrace_ops
ftrace: Take trace_array reference before accessing its ftrace_ops
tracing: Have show_event_filters/triggers files take trace array ref
Merge tag 'bpf-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf
Pull bpf fixes from Alexei Starovoitov:
"This mainly contains verifier fixes that address bugs reported by
Nicholas Carlini.
- Fix incorrect non-NULL inference in pointer comparisons: pointer
types that may be NULL at runtime, pointers with unbounded offsets,
JMP32 comparisons with zero, and imprecise zero registers (Eduard
Zingerman)
- Fix precision tracking for half-dead zero spills, ld_abs/ld_ind
implicit subprog exit, bpf_loop() callbacks, linked scalar ids and
NULL call arguments (Eduard Zingerman)
- Reject BPF_PSEUDO_FUNC reference to the main program, fix zero
extension of arena 32-bit cmpxchg, don't rewrite bpf_fastcall
patterns entered by a jump (Eduard Zingerman)
- Fix percpu map update and BPF_F_CPU validation with sparse CPU IDs
(Hui Su)
- Fix NULL-ptr-derefs in bpf_snprintf_btf() for void and VAR types,
and reject key-less BTF for hash maps (Jiayuan Chen)
- Various fixes (Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi):
- Fix out-of-bounds access in disassembler on invalid LDSX
instruction
- mark siginfo of signal tracepoints as scalar and
sched_process_wait argument as nullable
- mark faultable stack helpers as sleepable
- reject tail calls and legacy packet loads from callbacks
- enforce rbtree callback lock restrictions for resilient locks
- require MEM_PERCPU for percpu kptr stores
- clear NON_OWN_REF after RCU protection ends
- mark NULL kptr stores precise
- preserve inner map identity in callback frames
- reject non-scalar bpf_loop() iteration counts
- Fix trampoline allocation slowdown on x86 by using
EXECMEM_MODULE_DATA (Mike Rapoport)
- Keep bpf_refcount_acquire() nullable for borrowed RCU kptrs and
reject untrusted allocated-object pointers (Ning Ding)
- Fix special fields handling in recycled rhtab elements (Nuoqi Gui,
Yuan Chen)"
* tag 'bpf-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf: (86 commits)
bpf, riscv: Make arena support depend on ZACAS
selftests/bpf: Test pointer bpf_loop iteration count rejection
bpf: Reject non-scalar bpf_loop iteration counts
bpf: use mark_arg_precision() in check_mem_size_reg()
bpf: propagate mark_chain_precision() errors out of loop_flag_is_zero()
selftests/bpf: precision of a NULL global subprogram BTF_ID argument
bpf: mark a NULL BTF_ID argument of a global subprogram precise
selftests/bpf: precision of a NULL kfunc argument
bpf: mark a NULL kfunc argument precise
selftests/bpf: precision of a NULL global subprogram memory argument
bpf: mark a NULL memory argument of a call precise
selftests/bpf: precision of a NULL helper argument
bpf: mark a NULL call argument precise
selftests/bpf: Test inner map identities in callbacks
bpf: Preserve inner map identity in callback frames
selftests/bpf: Test imprecise scalar kptr stores
bpf: Mark NULL kptr stores precise
selftests/bpf: Test rhtab kptr cancellation semantics
bpf: Cancel special fields when recycling rhtab elements
selftests/bpf: Test timer field on recycled rhtab element
...
Merge tag 'sched-urgent-2026-09-06' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull scheduler fixes from Ingo Molnar:
- Fix a timestamping bug in pick_task_fair() and yield_task_fair()
(Zhan Xusheng)
- Skip migrate-disabled tasks when picking a push candidate in the
RT and DL schedulers (Seiji Nishikawa)
- Skip rq->avg_idle update without a valid idle_stamp (Shubhang
Kaushik)
- Fix throttling bug in throttle_cfs_rq(), caused by the recent
single-runqueue conversion (Wanwu Li)
- Fix bandwidth calculation bug in distribute_cfs_runtime(),
caused by the single-runqueue conversion (Wanwu Li)
- Don't make x86 ITMT enablement depend on debugfs (Mario Limonciello)
- Avoid creating misfits during cache-aware load-balancing on hybrid
systems (Tim Chen)
* tag 'sched-urgent-2026-09-06' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
sched/fair: Avoid creating misfits during cache-aware balancing
x86/itmt: Don't make ITMT enablement depend on debugfs
sched/fair: Use cfs_rq->h_curr in distribute_cfs_runtime()
sched/fair: Use cfs_rq->h_curr in throttle_cfs_rq()
sched/core: Skip rq->avg_idle update without a valid idle_stamp
sched/rt,dl: Skip migrate-disabled tasks when picking a push candidate
sched/fair: Use update_curr_eevdf() for the remaining root cfs_rq callers
Merge tag 'perf-urgent-2026-09-06' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull perf events fixes from Ingo Molnar:
- Skip empty AUX records with only format flags (Leo Yan)
- Fix use-after-free when perf mmap() revival races with the
last munmap() (Yilin Zhang, Weiming Shi)
* tag 'perf-urgent-2026-09-06' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
perf: Fix use-after-free when perf mmap() revival races with the last munmap()
perf/core: Skip empty AUX records with only format flags
Merge tag 'locking-urgent-2026-09-06' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull locking fixes from Ingo Molnar:
- Fix a softirq processing delay bug in local_interrupt_disable(),
which should mostly only affect the Rust runtime (Boqun Feng)
- Remove the hardirq_disable_count() function which caused the
previous bug and is now unused & unnecessary (Boqun Feng)
- lockdep: Invalidate stale class_cache entries for zapped classes
(Eric Dumazet)
- Fix rt_mutex specific futex scheduling helpers
(Sebastian Andrzej Siewior)
- Fix rcuwait use-after-free race during futex requeue PI (Yao Kai)
* tag 'locking-urgent-2026-09-06' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
futex: Prevent rcuwait use-after-free during requeue PI
futex: Provide rt_mutex_.*_schedule() equivalents for futex scheduling
locking/lockdep: Invalidate stale class_cache entries for zapped classes
preempt: Remove hardirq_disable_count()
interrupt: Disable interrupt before modifying hardirq_disable counter
Merge tag 'irq-urgent-2026-09-06' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull IRQ subsystem fixes from Ingo Molnar:
- Revert a commit to the mbigen irqchip driver that caused
a regression on two-port Hi1616 chips (Caina)
- Fix a too-long-preemption-off bug in the stm32mp-exti
irqchip driver, caused by a time unit ambiguity & mismatch
(Ju Nan)
- Remove the now completely unused irq_domain_add_linear()
inline function (Jiri Slaby)
* tag 'irq-urgent-2026-09-06' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
irqchip/stm32mp-exti: Fix the unit of the hwspinlock timeout
Revert "irqchip/mbigen: Fix mbigen node address layout"
irqdomain: Delete irq_domain_add_linear()
Merge tag 'tty-7.3-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/tty
Pull virtio console fix from Greg KH:
"Here is a single virtio console fix for 7.3-rc2 to fix a much reported
regression in 7.3-rc1, sorry about that. It's not been in linux-next,
but it has been sent by many different developers to resolve the issue
and is 'obviously' correct"
* tag 'tty-7.3-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/tty:
virtio_console: allocate the port_buffer with the caller's gfp
Merge tag 'staging-7.3-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging
Pull staging driver fixes from Greg KH:
"Here are some small staging driver fixes to resolve some reported bugs
that have been found, and tested, in a few staging drivers in 7.3-rc1.
Included in here are:
- OOB read problem fixes in the rtl8723bs driver
- fbtft driver fix
- sm750fb driver fix
All of these have been in linux-next this week with no reported
problems"
* tag 'staging-7.3-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging:
staging: sm750fb: fix mono image source stride mismatch in lynxfb_ops_imageblit()
staging: rtl8723bs: fix OOB read in rtw_restruct_wmm_ie()
staging: rtl8723bs: fix OOB read in rtw_action_frame_parse()
staging: rtl8723bs: fix OOB read / stack overflow in rtw_get_wps_attr()
staging: fbtft: make dirty_lock IRQ-safe
The arena range tree allocates its nodes with kmalloc_nolock() since
commit f8c67d8550ee ("bpf: Use kmalloc_nolock() in range tree").
kmalloc_nolock() requires slab caches with cmpxchg128 support
(__CMPXCHG_DOUBLE); on riscv cmpxchg128 is provided by the ZACAS
extension. On systems without ZACAS every arena map creation fails
with a misleading -ENOMEM.
Report the missing support instead: make bpf_jit_supports_arena()
return system_has_cmpxchg128() where it is defined, so arena map
creation fails with -EOPNOTSUPP on systems without ZACAS. The macro
is only defined when both CONFIG_RISCV_ISA_ZACAS and
CONFIG_TOOLCHAIN_HAS_ZACAS are enabled, so guard it with #ifdef the
same way mm/slab.h consumes it, and reject arena otherwise. This
matches how arena BPF_CMPXCHG instructions are already gated on ZACAS
in bpf_jit_supports_insn().
Fixes: f8c67d8550ee ("bpf: Use kmalloc_nolock() in range tree") Signed-off-by: Chen Pei <cp0613@linux.alibaba.com> Acked-by: Pu Lehui <pulehui@huawei.com> Acked-by: Björn Töpel <bjorn@kernel.org> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260902061451.1416-1-cp0613@linux.alibaba.com Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
selftests/bpf: Test pointer bpf_loop iteration count rejection
Add a verifier test that leaves the raw tracepoint context pointer in R1
when calling bpf_loop(). This is the smallest trigger for the incorrect
precision backtracking: it reuses an existing callback and needs no maps or
userspace setup.
Expect an ordinary scalar-type rejection. Without the verifier fix, the
test instead reaches precision backtracking and reports an internal
"backtracking misuse" error.
bpf_loop() declares its nr_loops argument as ARG_ANYTHING. Privileged
programs may pass pointer values to such arguments, so check_func_arg()
lets a pointer-valued R1 reach the helper-specific checks.
Since commit bb124da69c47 ("bpf: keep track of max number of bpf_loop
callback iterations"), the verifier marks R1 precise and reads its upper
bound to limit callback simulation. Precision backtracking only accepts
scalar registers, so passing a pointer instead triggers the "backtracking
misuse" verifier warning. Kernels with panic_on_warn enabled subsequently
panic.
Introduce ARG_SCALAR for helper arguments that only accept scalar values
and use it for bpf_loop() nr_loops. Generic helper argument validation then
rejects pointers before loop inlining and precision processing.
Fixes: bb124da69c47 ("bpf: keep track of max number of bpf_loop callback iterations") Reported-by: syzbot+7b47f87674e9a1569110@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260905014735.1452988-2-memxor@gmail.com Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/6a9ad24c.b5d4176b.238c3e.0001.GAE@google.com/ Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Merge tag 'kmalloc_obj-v7.3-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux
Pull kmalloc_obj conversions from Kees Cook:
"Another run of the Coccinelle script for converting kmalloc()
family of allocations to kmalloc_obj() via the existing rules
in scripts/coccinelle/api/kmalloc_objs.cocci"
* tag 'kmalloc_obj-v7.3-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux:
treewide: refresh kmalloc_obj() conversions
drm/amd/display: Fix harmless type mismatch in allocation
Merge tag 'driver-core-7.3-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/driver-core/driver-core
Pull driver core fixes from Danilo Krummrich:
- Fix kernfs listxattr() not returning security xattr names (e.g.
SELinux labels) when the kernfs node has no allocated kernfs_iattrs
- Fix silent truncation of IRQ vector indices in the Rust PCI
abstractions
- Don't select OF from DRIVER_PE_KUNIT_TEST; skip the test when OF is
disabled instead of silently enabling extra kernel functionality
- Russ Weight is retiring from kernel development; update the Firmware
Loader sysfs contact to the driver-core mailing list, add a CREDITS
entry for Firmware Upload, and update MAINTAINERS accordingly
* tag 'driver-core-7.3-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/driver-core/driver-core:
MAINTAINERS: Remove Russ Weight from Firmware Loader
CREDITS: Add CREDITS entry for Firmware Upload
firmware_loader: Change contact for sysfs nodes
rust: pci: reject IRQ vector indices that do not fit in u32
kernfs: preserve security xattrs without allocating iattrs
drivers: base: test: DRIVER_PE_KUNIT_TEST should not select OF
Merge tag 'loongarch-fixes-7.3-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/chenhuacai/linux-loongson
Pull LoongArch fixes from Huacai Chen:
- Fix build errors when RUST and KASAN enabled
- fix a typo in comment of vmlinux.lds.S
- fix several bugs in Kprobes, BPF JIT and KVM support
* tag 'loongarch-fixes-7.3-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/chenhuacai/linux-loongson:
perf build: Add clang and rust target flags for LoongArch
LoongArch: KVM: Fix TOCTOU race on pv_features
LoongArch: KVM: Validate MSI data before routing it to EIOINTC
LoongArch: KVM: Preserve memslot arch flags on KVM_MR_FLAGS_ONLY
LoongArch: KVM: Remove unused function kvm_arch_flush_remote_tlbs_memslot()
LoongArch: KVM: Fix resource leak in kvm_loongarch_env_init() error path
LoongArch: KVM: Add unregister helpers for the KVM interrupt devices
LoongArch: KVM: Free init resources if kvm_init() fails
LoongArch: BPF: Fix off-by-one error for insn_is_cast_user()
LoongArch: Avoid preempt count underflow without probe
LoongArch: Do not save/restore percpu base register in rethook trampoline
LoongArch: Remove unused setup_profiling_timer() function
LoongArch: Fix typo "avaliable" in comment of vmlinux.lds.S
LoongArch: Do not select HAVE_RUST when KASAN is enabled
Breno Leitao [Mon, 10 Aug 2026 16:40:00 +0000 (09:40 -0700)]
virtio_console: allocate the port_buffer with the caller's gfp
put_chars() runs from the hvc console write path with preemption
disabled, so it asks alloc_buf() for GFP_ATOMIC. Only the data buffer
gets it: the struct port_buffer itself keeps the GFP_KERNEL default, so
the allocation can enter direct reclaim and sleep. A write to /dev/kmsg
on a CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP kernel splats:
Merge tag 'for-7.3-rc1-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kdave/linux
Pull btrfs fixes from David Sterba:
- preserve inode compression level when changing attributes
- fix lost wakeup when waiting for a zstd workspace
- fix bio context leaks after ordered extent processing errors
- in send, handle unexpected extents for non-regular inodes
- handle edge case in creation of reloc tree with enabled quotas
- in scrub report the exact failing offset, not the stripe base
- error handling fixes
- error code propagation in send, zoned mode and raid-stripe-tree
- restore active device pointer after seeding device addition error
- transaction abort fixups
- update Chris' email address
* tag 'for-7.3-rc1-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kdave/linux:
MAINTAINERS: update Chris Mason's email address
btrfs: tests: do not touch page cache if root/inode allocation failed
btrfs: zstd: fix lost wakeup when waiting for a workspace
btrfs: do not force reloc root creation during qgroup_account_snapshot()
btrfs: send: fix lost error return value in will_overwrite_ref()
btrfs: abort transaction before releasing tree_log_mutex on commit failure
btrfs: zoned: propagate do_zone_finish() error in btrfs_zone_finish_endio()
btrfs: zoned: finish active block group cleanup if call_zone_finish() fails
btrfs: send: reject extents for non-regular inodes
btrfs: return proper negative error code for update_raid_extent_item()
btrfs: fix the possible bioc_list memory leak during error
btrfs: fix transaction use-after-free in raid stripe insertion
btrfs: scrub: report the failing sector's address, not the stripe base
btrfs: preserve the compression property when other inode flags change
btrfs: restore active device pointers after failed sprout
btrfs: detach failed sprout device from transaction update list
btrfs: clean up target device if block group marking fails
Merge tag 'scsi-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi
Pull SCSI fixes from James Bottomley:
"Two enhancements to add support and MCQ for additional Intel 4.0
controller types.
The rest are all driver fixes, the largest of which is the mpi3mr
target use after free fix, follwed by a similar TOCTOU fix for
io_uring passthrough in bsg"
* tag 'scsi-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi:
scsi: megaraid_sas: Limit NVMe request size to the PRP chain frame
scsi: bsg: Fix TOCTOU in io_uring passthrough command setup
scsi: bsg: Cap io_uring sense copy to max_response_len
scsi: mpt3sas: Avoid out-of-bounds cpumask_of_node() call in _base_assign_reply_queues()
scsi: mpi3mr: Fix use-after-free on tgt_dev->starget during target device refresh/update
scsi: target: iscsi: Reserve a terminator byte for the login payload
scsi: target: iscsi: Fix hang for aborted WRITE_PENDING commands
scsi: ufs: ufs-pci: Add MCQ support for Intel UFS 4.0 controllers
scsi: ufs: ufs-pci: Add support for Intel UFS 4.0 HS-Gear5
scsi: sg: Report request-table problems when any status is set
scsi: mpi3mr: Fix target device refcount leak in mpi3mr_sas_port_add()
scsi: mpi3mr: Fix NULL pointer dereference in mpi3mr_sas_port_add()
scsi: ufs: ufs-qcom: Fix sequential read variance
scsi: ufs: ufs-qcom: Restore HS/LS link startup mode for Qualcomm UFS controller v6.2+
scsi: ibmvfc: Document protocol parameter of ibmvfc_alloc_target()
scsi: ibmvfc: Fix kernel-doc name for ibmvfc_scsi_relogin()
scsi: pm8001: Use rollback index when freeing MSI-X vectors
scsi: fnic: Initialize the NVMe local port info before registering
Merge tag 'block-7.3-20260905' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/axboe/linux
Pull block fixes from Jens Axboe:
- NVMe fixes via Keith:
- nvme-tcp fixes for an out-of-bounds write on an over-long PDU
- nvmet-tcp, nvmet-rdma and nvme-rdma leak and cleanup-ordering
fixes
- FDP placement id array racy access fix
- nvme-fc double free of fabrics options on nvme_add_ctrl()
failure, and a secret leak failure
- Fault injection opcode filtering
- stale namespace removal during scan
- Various other smaller fixes and cleanups
- Flag zoned disks with GENHD_FL_NO_PART
- Save the page offset gaps in a cloned bio
- Fix dma_alignment for large or unreported limits in loop and zloop
- Clear VM_MAYWRITE on a read-only ublk char device mmap
* tag 'block-7.3-20260905' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/axboe/linux: (25 commits)
nvme-tcp.h: drop kernel-doc comments, fix a few descriptions
nvme-fc: fix double free of fabrics options when nvme_add_ctrl() fails
nvmet: reject namespace enable without device path
nvmet-auth: Synchronize timeout work during SQ teardown
MAINTAINERS: update nvme entry
nvmet-tcp: reject unsolicited H2CData PDUs
nvme-tcp: defer TLS inline send to io_work
nvmet-tcp: fix out-of-bounds write when receiving an over-long PDU
nvme-tcp: return -EPROTO for a C2HData on a write
nvmet: print namespace IDs as unsigned 32bit value
nvme: print namespace IDs as unsigned 32bit value
nvme: remove stale namespaces by NSID range during scan
nvme: add missing SRCU grace period in error path
nvme-fabrics: fix DHCHAP secret leak on parse failure
ublk: clear VM_MAYWRITE on read-only ublk char device mmap
loop, zloop: fix dma_alignment for large or unreported limits
block: save page offset gaps in cloned bio
block: flag zoned disks with GENHD_FL_NO_PART
nvmet-rdma: fix queue leak when connect backlog is exceeded
nvme: add opcode filtering for fault injection
...
This is another run of the Coccinelle script for converting kmalloc()
family of allocations to kmalloc_obj() via the existing rules in
scripts/coccinelle/api/kmalloc_objs.cocci
This catches both the set of kmalloc() uses added since the first
kmalloc_obj() conversions in v7.0 and adds a large group missed in the
first pass due to Coccinelle not interacting well with the cleanup.h
scoped_...() family of macros[1]. I worked around this with spatch's
"--macro-file" argument to a file with all the scoped_...() macros mapped
to Coccinelle's YACFE_ITERATOR[2] as that was the closest viable control
flow indicator I could find.
Build tested allmodconfig on x86, arm64, arm, loongarch, mips, powerpc,
riscv, and s390 with no new warnings.
Merge tag 'integrity-v7.3-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/zohar/linux-integrity
Pull IMA fixes from Mimi Zohar:
- Instantiating the ima_file_truncate and ima_path_truncate LSM hooks
resulted in configfs locking issues.
configfs files should not be measured, appraised, or audited in the
first place, so the builtin policies are updated to exclude them.
- IMA audit messages include the filename, which could result in a page
fault when the filename doesn't exist
- Un-hide the IMA_MEASURE_PCR_IDX Kconfig prompt
* tag 'integrity-v7.3-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/zohar/linux-integrity:
ima: allow users to specify the pcr index with IMA_MEASURE_PCR_IDX
ima: Check for ERR_PTR from dentry_path() in validate_hash_algo()
ima: don't measure/appraise files on configfs
configfs: move CONFIGFS_MAGIC definition to magic.h
bpf: propagate mark_chain_precision() errors out of loop_flag_is_zero()
Stop verification if mark_chain_precision() fails when called from
loop_flag_is_zero(). No functional change intended for the paths where
backtracking succeeds.
bpf: mark a NULL BTF_ID argument of a global subprogram precise
btf_check_func_arg_match() accepts a NULL register for an
ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID argument tagged __arg_nullable and skips
check_reg_type() and check_func_arg_reg_off() without marking the
register precise. Hence a checkpoint created on such a path would
prune against arbitrary scalar value.
check_kfunc_arg() allows bpf_register_is_null() for nullable arguments
w/o marking the underlying scalar register precise. Hence a checkpoint
created on such a path would prune against arbitrary scalar value.
selftests/bpf: precision of a NULL global subprogram memory argument
Check that mark_chain_precision() is called for a NULL pointer passed
as a nullable pointer argument of a global subprogram.
(Pointer arguments of the global subprograms are nullable by default).
bpf: mark a NULL memory argument of a call precise
check_mem_reg() allows bpf_register_is_null() for nullable arguments
w/o marking the underlying scalar register precise. Hence a checkpoint
created on such a path would prune against arbitrary scalar value.
The argument may live on the stack rather than in a register when a
call has more than MAX_BPF_FUNC_REG_ARGS arguments, hence the new
mark_arg_precision() helper.
check_func_arg() allows bpf_register_is_null() for nullable arguments
w/o marking the underlying scalar register precise. Hence a checkpoint
created on such a path would prune against arbitrary scalar value.
check_helper_call() enforces second parameter of the
bpf_get_local_storage() to be zero, w/o marking the underlying scalar
register precise. Hence a checkpoint created on such a path would
prune against arbitrary scalar value.
Grouping these two into one patch, as they share the same fixes tag.
Merge tag 'drm-fixes-2026-09-05' of https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/drm/kernel
Pull drm fixes from Dave Airlie:
"Lots of scattered fixes: nouveau has a bunch of display fixes for
blackwell GPUs that should mean we light up monitors properly and fix
some desktop rendering problems, amdgpu and intel display changes as
usual.
There also changes to the core pagemap, then the usual amouny of AI
inspired validation fixes.
core:
- Fix drm_crtc_commit leak when PAGE_FLIP_EVENT is used
dma-buf:
- Publish the dma-buf only after copy_to_user succeeds
- fix some kernel-doc warnings
atomic-state-helpers:
- set pixel_blend_mode to prop default on reset
pagemap:
- Prevent double migration of device pages
- Reset migration page count on eviction retry
- dma-unmap pages before handling migration errors
- use after free fixes
prime:
- fix prime exports tracing
amdgpu:
- Fix for drm_amdgpu_info_device with mixed 64 bit kernel and 32 bit
userspace
- plane blend mode fixes
- SR-IOV fix
- GFX8 fix
- MES queue reset fix
- GPUVM fixes
- DCN 6 warning fix
- DCN 3.5/3.6 fix
- DML fix
- Backlight fix
- Colorop fix
- DC get_estimated_bw() fix
- devcoredump fix
- Userq fixes
- APU PSP fix
- Cursor fix
amdkfd:
- MES queue eviction fix
- MQD debugfs fix
xe:
- oa uapi error handling fix
- drm info message to report FLAT_CSS base misalignment
i915:
- Drop an accidentally duplicated panel fitter call in DP MST
- Fix DDI clock programming for Cx0 and LT PHY
- Fix PTL CDCLK handling at probe, causing a glitch
- Fix dg2_power_well_count() return type
- Fix a NULL pointer deref at forced probe
- Fix selective fetch disable
amdxdna:
- out-of-bounds access fix
- reject commands chains with no commands
- handle chained mapping BO failures
- refuse to flush an imported BO
ethosu:
- handle mmio mapping failures
- handle storage modes only on hardware that supports it
- fix job completion fence cleanup
fastrpc:
- Publish the dma-buf only after copy_to_user succeeds
gud:
- Improve TV modes and rotation handling
nouveau:
- use-after-free fixes
- add missing scanline position support
- HDMI and DP fixes
- null pointer dereference fix
- dmem accounting fixes for large folios
- use write-combined maps for coherent
qaic:
- out-of-bounds access fix
tegra:
- Add blend mode properties
virtio:
- exit path and error handling fixes
* tag 'drm-fixes-2026-09-05' of https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/drm/kernel: (83 commits)
drm/xe/vram: report FLAT_CCS base misalignment
MAINTAINERS, mailmap: use Aditya Garg's linux.dev account
drm/amd/display: use plane color_mgmt_changed to track colorop changes
drm/amdgpu/userq: fix struct drm_amdgpu_info_device padding for 32bit compile
drm/amd/display: Fix cursor disable with horizontally split planes
drm/amdgpu/userq: dont overwrite the error of subsequent map call
drm/amdgpu: Skip accessing psp rum time db for APUs
drm/amdgpu: update the fw version for gfx12 userqueues
drm/amdgpu: update the fw version for gfx11 userqueues
drm/amdgpu: fix byte/dword unit mismatch in coredump IB dump
drm/amdkfd: fix scope of mqd_mgr dereference in pqm_debugfs_mqds
drm/amd/display: fix division by zero in get_estimated_bw()
drm/amd/display: use halving distribution for all encode-to-linear curves
drm/amd/display: Fix backlight control for luminance-capable OLED
drm/amd/display: Remove const Qualifier From Non-Pointer Fields
drm/amd/display: Set gpuvm min page size to 4K on dcn35/36
drm/amd/display: Fix DCN5/6 DML2 compilation warnings
drm/amdgpu: fix Idle BOs list in VM debugfs status info
drm/amdgpu: use AMDGPU_GPU_PAGE_SHIFT instead of PAGE_SHIFT
drm/amdgpu: Update queue reset support version
...
Merge tag 'arm64-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux
Pull arm64 fixes from Will Deacon:
"Nothing Earth-shattering, but worthwhile fixes nonetheless:
- Disable interrupts during page-table walk in show_pte()
- Fix kexec_file_load() with 52-bit capable kernels on machines
without 52-bit addressing
- Fix MIDR matching in CPU errata handling for KVM guests
- Avoid reading MTE-specific ID registers when MTE support is
disabled"
* tag 'arm64-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux:
arm64: Don't read GMID_EL1 when MTE is disabled
arm64: errata: pass REVIDR when matching target implementation CPUs
arm64: trans_pgd: clone only the linear map that exists at runtime
arm64: mm: Fix the lockless page-table walk in show_pte()
Merge tag 'ceph-for-7.3-rc2' of https://github.com/ceph/ceph-client
Pull ceph fixes from Ilya Dryomov:
"A small fixup for the new nearfull_sync mount option, a potential
use-after-free fix (marked for stable) and a patch that eliminates
the last use of PageWriteback macro in the tree"
* tag 'ceph-for-7.3-rc2' of https://github.com/ceph/ceph-client:
ceph: apply nearfull_sync option on remount
libceph: remove pinning assertion in ceph_msg_data_iter_next()
ceph: lock mutex in ceph_mds_check_access()
Steven Rostedt [Fri, 4 Sep 2026 19:16:41 +0000 (15:16 -0400)]
ring-buffer: Use a macro for static buffer bits
Instead of hard coding 30 for the number of bits used for the static
buffer ids in two places, create a macro. This way if it changes in the
future, it will change in all the locations that use it.
Steven Rostedt [Fri, 4 Sep 2026 18:49:02 +0000 (14:49 -0400)]
tracing: Fix comment in tracing_buffers_splice_read()
The comment about returning an error if the read fails on the first
iteration is slightly incorrect. It makes it sound like the only reason it
could fail on a later iteration is if the subbuf order changed. That is
incorrect, it could also fail if the length passed in was not a multiple
of the subbuf size. Fix the comment.
ring-buffer: Prevent truncation of nr_pages / nr_subbufs
Although ring_buffer_per_cpu::nr_pages is defined as unsigned long, it
is capped to 32-bits in a few places, limiting the operations possible
on a very large buffer. Use `unsigned long` where appropriate and
prevent truncation of values using nr_pages (or nr_subbufs).
While at it, subbuf_size must be at least `unsigned int`.
Note that persistent, remote and user-mapped ring buffers are capping
the number of pages to 30 bits already, making "int" safe in many
places.
Static ring buffers (i.e. persistent, user-mapped and remote) rely on
the bpage::id field. The number of pages for those ring buffers must fit
into that variable. Enforce this limit on ring buffer creation or
user-mapping.
While at it, prevent nr_pages underflow when allocating a persistent
buffer.
tracing: Fix subbuf resize races with trace_pipe_raw readers
Concurrent subbuffer resizes may crash trace_pipe_raw readers or leak
uninitialized memory to userspace due to stale size values.
Modify ring_buffer_alloc_read_page() to handle the resizing of an
existing buffer_data_read_page if necessary and add a new
ring_buffer_read_page_size(). This new function enables ring-buffer
buffer_data_read_page users to not call the racy
ring_buffer_subbuf_size_get(). This makes the spare_size member of
ftrace_buffer_info redundant.
Finally, handle buffer_data_read_page/reader_page order discrepancy in
ring_buffer_read_page(). On a mismatch simply copy manually the data to
the buffer_data_read_page.
A set of miscellaneous fixes for bugs reported by Nicholas, and GPT-5.6
when analyzing those fixes, batched together again. See commit logs for
details. Related rhtab fixes from Yuan Chen and Nuoqi Gui have been
folded into the series.
====================
selftests/bpf: Test inner map identities in callbacks
Add load-only timer_mim coverage for inner map identities propagated
through nested timer and bpf_for_each_map_elem() callbacks.
The negative case initializes a timer in the second inner map with the map
saved from the first inner map timer callback. The positive case pairs the
timer value with the map supplied to the same for-each callback.
Without the verifier fix, the mismatched-map program is accepted while the
same-map control is rejected. Preserving map_uid reverses both verdicts.
bpf: Preserve inner map identity in callback frames
Callback frame constructors initialize map-typed argument registers with
__mark_reg_known_zero() and then restore map_ptr. This clears map_uid,
which is the only field distinguishing inner maps that share an
inner_map_meta template.
When a timer callback invokes bpf_for_each_map_elem() on a second inner
map, both the saved first map and the second map value can reach the nested
callback as the same template with map_uid zero. bpf_timer_init() then
accepts pairing the timer from the second map with the first map.
The runtime records the first map in the timer without taking a reference.
Freeing that map does not find the timer stored in the second map, so a
later timer callback dereferences the freed map.
Copy map_uid from the same caller register as map_ptr when constructing
for-each, timer/workqueue, and task-work callback arguments. The existing
identity check can then reject mismatched inner maps while allowing a
callback value to be paired with its actual map.
Fixes: 3e8ce29850f1 ("bpf: Prevent pointer mismatch in bpf_timer_init.") Fixes: 69c087ba6225 ("bpf: Add bpf_for_each_map_elem() helper") Fixes: 5c8fd7e2b5b0 ("bpf: bpf task work plumbing") Reported-by: Nicholas Carlini <npc@anthropic.com> Suggested-by: Nicholas Carlini <npc@anthropic.com> Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260904104203.345917-8-memxor@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Add a verifier regression where an imprecise zero scalar reaches a kptr
store first and a nonzero scalar reaches the same instruction on a second
path.
Without the corresponding verifier fix, the second path is pruned and the
program is unexpectedly accepted. With the fix, the scalar range is
compared and the invalid store is rejected.
check_map_kptr_access() permits a scalar store into an untrusted kptr
field only when the register is known to contain zero. Unlike other
verifier checks whose outcome depends on a scalar value, it does not mark
that register precise.
A state checkpoint reached with an imprecise zero can therefore prune a
second path that reaches the store with an arbitrary nonzero scalar. The
program can write attacker-controlled bits into the kptr field and load
them back as a PTR_TO_BTF_ID.
Call mark_chain_precision() before accepting a known-zero register. This
forces state equivalence to compare its scalar range and makes the verifier
visit and reject a path carrying a nonzero value.
Fixes: 61df10c7799e ("bpf: Allow storing unreferenced kptr in map") Reported-by: Nicholas Carlini <npc@anthropic.com> Suggested-by: Nicholas Carlini <npc@anthropic.com> Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260904104203.345917-6-memxor@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
selftests/bpf: Test rhtab kptr cancellation semantics
Resizable hash-map updates and deletions must not perform full special-field
destruction in their caller context. In particular, a referenced kptr must
remain attached to the allocation until the memory allocator destructor can
release it safely.
Add separate coverage for both affected paths. The update test stores a task
kptr, replaces the ordinary value bytes with BPF_EXIST, and verifies that the
kptr survived. The delete test removes an element and exchanges its kptr
through the still-valid map-value pointer before the allocation is reclaimed.
Both cases observe a NULL kptr when rhtab uses bpf_obj_free_fields(). They
recover and release the reference after rhtab switches to cancellation
semantics.
Signed-off-by: Nuoqi Gui <gnq25@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn>
[ kkd: Split update and delete coverage and rewrote the commit log ] Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260904104203.345917-5-memxor@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
bpf: Cancel special fields when recycling rhtab elements
rhtab_map_update_existing() and rhtab_delete_elem() call
bpf_obj_free_fields() when replacing or deleting a value. These map
operations can run from BPF programs in NMI context, where releasing a
referenced kptr or another complex field is not generally safe.
Array and hash maps avoid that problem by cancelling only the asynchronous
fields which can be stopped safely in the caller context. Other ownership
state remains attached to the allocation until its memory allocator
destructor performs the final cleanup.
Use bpf_obj_cancel_fields() for the corresponding rhtab paths as well. This
cancels timers, workqueues, and task work while allowing rhtab_mem_dtor() to
release referenced kptrs when the allocation is eventually destroyed.
Fixes: 6905f8601298 ("bpf: Allow special fields in resizable hashtab") Signed-off-by: Nuoqi Gui <gnq25@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn> Acked-by: Mykyta Yatsenko <yatsenko@meta.com>
[ kkd: Rebased, used direct helper calls, and rewrote the commit log ] Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260904104203.345917-4-memxor@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
selftests/bpf: Test timer field on recycled rhtab element
Exercise the rhtab special-field lifecycle with the sequence from the
original report. A bpf_for_each_map_elem() callback deletes the sole
element, then initializes and arms a timer through the callback value
pointer while it remains valid.
Use a one-element map and pin userspace and BPF execution to one CPU.
Repeated delete-and-replace cycles drain the per-CPU allocator cache, and
periodic RCU synchronization makes the deleted units available for
recycling.
After each replacement, a second BPF program calls bpf_timer_cancel()
on its value. A successful cancellation proves both that a timer-bearing
unit was recycled and that insertion preserved the timer field. Without
the fix, insertion clears that field and cancellation keeps returning
-EINVAL. A long expiration keeps the timer callback out of the test, so
the regression is detected without accessing freed memory.
bpf: Preserve special fields in recycled rhtab elements
rhtab_map_update_elem() initializes special fields after obtaining an
element from bpf_mem_cache_alloc(). The allocator can return a fresh,
zeroed unit, or recycle one from its RCU-pending lists before the
registered destructor has run.
A BPF program can retain a map-value pointer after deleting its element
and initialize and arm a timer through that pointer. If the deleted unit
is recycled, check_and_init_map_value() clears the only pointer to the
timer. Neither a later deletion nor rhtab_mem_dtor() can then cancel it,
and the callback can run with its key and value pointing into freed memory.
Do not reinitialize special fields on insertion. Fresh allocator units are
already zeroed. For recycled units, the special fields are ownership state
that must remain visible to the eventual destructor. copy_map_value()
already skips those fields, matching the non-preallocated hash-map path and
the lifecycle established by commit 275c30bcee66 ("bpf: Don't reinit map
value in prealloc_lru_pop").
Fixes: 6905f8601298 ("bpf: Allow special fields in resizable hashtab") Reported-by: Nicholas Carlini <npc@anthropic.com> Suggested-by: Nicholas Carlini <npc@anthropic.com> Signed-off-by: Yuan Chen <chenyuan@kylinos.cn>
[ kkd: Split out the fix and rewrote the commit log ] Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260904104203.345917-2-memxor@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
ima: allow users to specify the pcr index with IMA_MEASURE_PCR_IDX
The IMA_MEASURE_PCR_IDX option is currently not visible in the kconfig
frontend, so it always uses its default, 10. This means that the
'range 8 14' is dead code, and users are unable to specify the pcr index
value.
In a previous discussion, Mimi explained that users should be able to use
this config option to specify the pcr index. [1]
Let's add a prompt for users to specify the pcr index, when EXPERT is
enabled.
This dead range was found by kconfirm, a static analysis tool for Kconfig.
selftests/bpf: Fix flaky bpf_nf test when random NAT port is 0
The bpf_nf test allocs a ct, sets snat and dnat with random addr and
port via bpf_ct_set_nat_info(), then looks the ct up and checks the
reply tuple against what was set.
The port comes from bpf_get_prandom_u32() and can be 0. For
bpf_ct_set_nat_info(), port 0 means "port not specified", so only the
addr is mapped and the kernel keeps the original port. The check then
compares that port with 0 and fails, which shows up as a flaky
"Test for source natting" failure in CI [1][2].
Keep the random port in 1..65535 so it is always specified.
drm/amd/display: Fix harmless type mismatch in allocation
While converting to kmalloc_obj() API, a type assignment mismatch was
found between the desired struct dcn42_resource_pool and the allocated
struct dcn401_resource_pool. Fix the type (it is harmless: the objects
have the same contents and size).
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
--- Cc: Harry Wentland <harry.wentland@amd.com> Cc: Leo Li <sunpeng.li@amd.com> Cc: Rodrigo Siqueira <siqueira@igalia.com> Cc: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com> Cc: "Christian König" <christian.koenig@amd.com> Cc: David Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: Simona Vetter <simona@ffwll.ch> Cc: Dan Wheeler <daniel.wheeler@amd.com> Cc: Roman Li <Roman.Li@amd.com> Cc: Ovidiu Bunea <ovidiu.bunea@amd.com> Cc: Charlene Liu <Charlene.Liu@amd.com> Cc: Leo Chen <leo.chen@amd.com> Cc: Ivan Lipski <ivan.lipski@amd.com> Cc: Gaghik Khachatrian <gaghik.khachatrian@amd.com> Cc: <amd-gfx@lists.freedesktop.org> Cc: <dri-devel@lists.freedesktop.org>
Merge tag 'hid-for-linus-2026090401' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/hid/hid
Pull HID fixes from Benjamin Tissoires:
- hid-hyperv build fixes on certain configs (Jiri Kosina)
- HID-BPF fix and selftests now that the bpf verifier is more
restrictive (Benjamin Tissoires)
- Some AI detected fixes for OOB, errors and validation (Ibrahim
Hashimov, Shen Yongchao, Wei Jie Law)
- various device fixes (Dave Carey and Vadim Klishko)
* tag 'hid-for-linus-2026090401' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/hid/hid:
HID: bpf: serialize device reference release in struct_ops destroy path
HID: rmi: fix OOB access with undersized RMI reports
selftests/hid: prepare test_rdesc_fixup_get_data_overflow for the new verifier
selftests/hid: Add a test to ensure we can write fields in hid_device
HID: bpf: mark struct hid_device as safe BPF pointer
HID: wacom: validate report length in wacom_intuos_pro2_bt_irq
HID: multitouch: Fix stale MT slots when contact count drops to zero
HID: i2c-hid: Add a quirk for a Cirque I2C device.
HID: hyperv: make pointer arithmetics understandable for FORTIFY_SOURCE
HID: hyperv: fix build breakage with certain configs
Merge tag 'sound-7.3-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound
Pull sound fixes from Takashi Iwai:
"A collection of small fixes since 7.3-rc1.
Quite a few fixes are for ALSA core for issues that have been detected
by the things you know well. Additionally a series of hardening for
runtime PM, and usual quirk updates, and some other misc driver fixes
are included.
Core:
- Fixes for PCM races
- UMP parser NULL dereference fix
- Fix error handling in rawmidi ioctl
USB- and HD-audio:
- Implement missing runtime PM guards across multiple interfaces
- Fix for OOB access in US-122L MIDI driver
- Double-free fix for CAIAQ driver
- Quirks for HD-audio Realtek & Cirrus codecs, Conexant S3-resume,
USB Audient devices
Others:
- Fix of logical mistakes in dummy driver mixer and selftest code
- Lock init fix in the legacy harmony driver"
* tag 'sound-7.3-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound: (23 commits)
ALSA: caiaq: Fix potential double-free at error path
selftests/alsa: Fix the step check for INTEGER controls
ALSA: hda/realtek: Fix cold-boot headset misdetection on Acer Aspire A515-57G
ALSA: rawmidi: Return the error from snd_rawmidi_input_params()
ALSA: ump: do not touch legacy_rmidi before it exists
ALSA: hda/cs420x: Add CS4208 fixup for MacBookAir 7,2
ALSA: dummy: Report a change when one capture switch channel moves
ALSA: usb-audio: Add mixer map quirk for Audient iD24
ALSA: hda: restore MFG widget enumeration after core split
ALSA: usb-audio: fix OOB write in snd_usbmidi_us122l_output()
ALSA: pcm: Serialize PCM mmap with buffer reallocation to fix page UAF
ALSA: harmony: initialize locks before requesting IRQ
ALSA: hda/realtek: Add quirk for VAIO VJS131
ALSA: pcm: Fix race between non-atomic ops and trigger-start
ALSA: hda/realtek: Add quirk for Acer Predator PHN16-72
ALSA: hda/realtek: Add quirk for Lenovo Yoga Slim 9 14ILL10
ALSA: hda/conexant:Fix abnormal Mic/Speaker functionality on SN6140 after S3 wake-up
ALSA: usb-audio: Guard FCP protocol transfers
ALSA: usb-audio: Add PM guards to RME Digiface controls
ALSA: usb-audio: Guard Scarlett2 protocol transfers
...
Merge tag 'ata-7.3-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/libata/linux
Pull ata fixes from Niklas Cassel:
- Work around lost interrupts on Marvell 88SE61xx
The Marvell AHCI controller requires you to clear interrupts in the
opposite order from what is specified in the AHCI specification in
order to not lose interrupts (Hajo)
- Do not raise UNIT ATTENTION for depopulation commands
The libata completion function unconditionally sets sense data with
sense key UNIT ATTENTION (UA) for depopulation commands. The SCSI
layer will fail a command when seeing this sense data. UA is only
supposed to be raised if the capacity actually changed.
Since these commands are currently only supported as passthrough
commands, the user is expected to revalidate the device, which will
detect a capacity change anyway. Thus drop the unconditional UA until
a better solution has been implemented (Damien)
* tag 'ata-7.3-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/libata/linux:
ata: libata-scsi: do not raise UA for storage element depopulation and restoration
ata: ahci: work around lost interrupts on Marvell 88SE61xx
tracing: Fix to avoid creating trace instances with duplicate names
Since commit e645535a954a ("tracing: Add option to use memmapped
memory for trace boot instance") changed trace_array_get_by_name() to
trace_array_create_systems(), enable_instances() does not reuse the
same name instance. Therefore, if an administrator mistakenly specifies
multiple `trace_instance=` options with duplicate names, all are
created but only the first is accessible via tracefs.
Check whether an instance with the same name already exists before
creating a new one, and reject duplicates with a warning.
Merge tag 'ksmbd-for-7.3-rc2-part2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linkinjeon/smb
Pull smb server fixes from Namjae Jeon:
- Fix a tree connection use-after-free in smb2_tree_connect() by
balancing references across concurrent connect, disconnect, and
session logoff paths.
- Validate source and target ranges in COPYCHUNK requests before range
locking and copy operations.
- Fix an oplock break notification UAF by acquiring a connection
reference under ksmbd_inode lock and releasing it after the
notification work completes.
- Fix the sparc build by using an unsigned int for the atomic work
state, ensuring xchg() uses a supported four-byte operation.
* tag 'ksmbd-for-7.3-rc2-part2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linkinjeon/smb:
ksmbd: fix tree connection use-after-free in smb2_tree_connect()
ksmbd: validate COPYCHUNK source and target ranges
ksmbd: fix use-after-free in oplock break notification
ksmbd: fix sparc build with atomic work state
Merge tag 'probes-fixes-v7.3-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace
Pull probes fixes from Masami Hiramatsu:
- Protect kprobe_blacklist with RCU
RCU-protect kprobe_blacklist and use kfree_rcu() to prevent UAF races
during module unloading and enable safe atomic lookups.
- Fix multi-probe field use-after-free
Duplicate field and type strings on trace_probe_event to prevent UAF
when freeing primary probe
- Fix probe BTF member lookup:
Check the containing inner struct/union kflag when resolving
anonymous members to ensure correct bitfield offset calculation
Prevent unnamed bitfields from being pushed to anon_stack in
btf_find_struct_member(), avoiding false lookup errors
Fix code block indentation in get_bitoffset_of_field()
- uprobes error pointer safety
Guard free_trace_uprobe() with IS_ERR_OR_NULL() to avoid crashing
during automatic cleanup when an error pointer is returned
* tag 'probes-fixes-v7.3-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace:
kprobes: Protect kprobe_blacklist with RCU
tracing/probes: Fix use-after-free on field name/type of events with multiple probes
tracing/probes: Fix code indent in get_bitoffset_of_field()
tracing/probes: Fix BTF kflag check for anonymous struct member access
tracing/probes: Fix anon_stack check for unnamed bitfields in btf_find_struct_member
uprobes: guard trace cleanup against error pointers
Merge tag 'pmdomain-v7.3-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ulfh/linux-pm
Pull pmdomain and cpuidle fixes from Ulf Hansson:
"pmdomain providers:
- mediatek: Fix Kconfig for Airoha power domains
- qcom: Revert adding the missing power domains for Eliza
cpuidle:
- psci: Fix support for probe deferral by dropping the faux device
- dt_idle_genpd: Free the original name allocation"
* tag 'pmdomain-v7.3-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ulfh/linux-pm:
cpuidle: dt_idle_genpd: kfree() the original name allocation
pmdomain: airoha: fix unselectable AIROHA_CPU_PM_DOMAIN kconfig
cpuidle: psci: Fix support for probe deferral by dropping the faux device
Revert "pmdomain: qcom: rpmhpd: Add missing MXC and MMCX power domains for Eliza"
A set of miscellaneous fixes for bugs reported by Nicholas, batched
together again. See commit logs for details. Some of this was caught and
posted by Ning before, but AI raised some concerns, so I'm resolving
those issues and commandeering their patches now.
Ning Ding [Fri, 4 Sep 2026 08:43:21 +0000 (10:43 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: Reject refcount acquisition after RCU unlock
Add a sleepable verifier test that loads a refcount-only local kptr in an
explicit RCU read-side critical section, ends the section, and passes the
pointer to bpf_refcount_acquire().
The loaded pointer never carries NON_OWN_REF. After RCU unlock it retains
MEM_ALLOC while becoming PTR_UNTRUSTED, which previously made the kfunc
argument check accept it as a live allocated object. Expect verification to
reject the untrusted argument instead.
Ning Ding [Fri, 4 Sep 2026 08:43:20 +0000 (10:43 +0200)]
bpf: Reject untrusted allocated-object pointers
When the final RCU read-side critical section ends, a local kptr is demoted
to PTR_UNTRUSTED but retains MEM_ALLOC. The pointer may be NULL or may refer
to an object whose lifetime is no longer protected.
type_is_ptr_alloc_obj() nevertheless recognizes any PTR_TO_BTF_ID with
MEM_ALLOC as a live allocated object. In particular, a refcount-only local
kptr never carries NON_OWN_REF, so it still passes the
bpf_refcount_acquire() argument check after RCU protection ends. The kfunc
can then dereference NULL or stale memory.
Make type_is_ptr_alloc_obj() reject PTR_UNTRUSTED pointers. Since
type_is_non_owning_ref() is based on the same predicate, graph kfunc
arguments obey the same live-object requirement. Fault-protected reads of
the demoted pointer remain valid: writes are already rejected, and read
fixups use bpf_may_fault_on_deref() rather than this predicate.
Fixes: 1b12171533a9 ("bpf: Mark direct ld of stashed bpf_{rb,list}_node as non-owning ref") Reported-by: Nicholas Carlini <npc@anthropic.com> Suggested-by: Nicholas Carlini <npc@anthropic.com> Signed-off-by: Ning Ding <dingning04@gmail.com>
[ kkd: Rewrote commit log ] Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260904084325.52250-8-memxor@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
selftests/bpf: Reject graph kptr use after RCU unlock
Add a sleepable verifier test that loads a graph-node local kptr in an
explicit RCU read-side critical section, then passes its node to
bpf_rbtree_remove() after the section ends.
Before the verifier fix, the stale NON_OWN_REF flag makes the node look like
a live borrowed reference and the program is accepted. After the fix, the
pointer is demoted without NON_OWN_REF and the graph kfunc argument is
rejected.
Also exercise a graph kptr loaded while a spin lock provides implicit RCU
protection. The pointer must be invalidated when the lock is released, which
guards the required ordering between non-owning-reference invalidation and
RCU demotion.
Update the existing fault-protected load test state description. The
post-unlock pointer no longer carries NON_OWN_REF, but remains readable
because the load is rewritten to use BPF_PROBE_MEM.
A local kptr load of an object containing a graph node is marked MEM_RCU
and NON_OWN_REF while protected by RCU. When the last RCU read-side critical
section ends, invalidate_rcu_protected_refs() removes MEM_RCU and marks the
pointer PTR_UNTRUSTED, but leaves NON_OWN_REF set.
The stale flag lets graph kfunc argument checks continue treating the
pointer as a live borrowed reference. In particular, bpf_rbtree_remove()
can accept a pointer after its protection ended and return it as a new
owning reference, even though the object may already have been freed.
Clear NON_OWN_REF when an RCU-protected pointer is demoted. A spin lock also
provides implicit RCU protection, so invalidate non-owning references before
demoting RCU-protected pointers when releasing the lock. Otherwise the
demotion would clear the flag before invalidate_non_owning_refs() can find
and invalidate those aliases.
The demoted pointer remains available for fault-protected reads. Exempt such
reads from the allocated-object reference-state assertion; writes through a
fault-prone pointer are already rejected, and bpf_may_fault_on_deref() makes
the surviving loads use BPF_PROBE_MEM.
Fixes: 1b12171533a9 ("bpf: Mark direct ld of stashed bpf_{rb,list}_node as non-owning ref") Reported-by: Nicholas Carlini <npc@anthropic.com> Suggested-by: Nicholas Carlini <npc@anthropic.com> Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260904084325.52250-6-memxor@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Ning Ding [Fri, 4 Sep 2026 08:43:17 +0000 (10:43 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: Test borrowed refcount acquisition nullability
Add verifier coverage for the distinction between owning and borrowed
arguments to bpf_refcount_acquire().
An owning pointer returned by bpf_obj_new() must continue producing a
non-NULL result without an extra check. An RCU-loaded local kptr is only
borrowed, so a checked result must load successfully while passing an
unchecked result to bpf_obj_drop() must be rejected as possibly NULL.
Use a sleepable syscall program for the borrowed cases so the explicit RCU
critical section is what permits the local kptr load. Without the verifier
fix, the unchecked case is incorrectly accepted. With it, the verifier
rejects the possibly NULL argument.
Ning Ding [Fri, 4 Sep 2026 08:43:16 +0000 (10:43 +0200)]
bpf: Keep refcount_acquire nullable for borrowed RCU kptrs
bpf_refcount_acquire() is fallible for a borrowed reference because the
object may have reached a zero refcount. The verifier therefore keeps
KF_RET_NULL on the return value unless the argument is an owning reference.
An RCU-protected load of a local kptr is marked MEM_ALLOC, but it only
receives NON_OWN_REF when the pointee contains a graph node. A refcounted
object without a graph node consequently looks like an owning reference
even though the loaded register has no acquired reference state. If the
program drops the last real reference while remaining in the RCU critical
section, refcount_inc_not_zero() returns NULL while the verifier treats the
result as non-NULL.
Only classify the argument as owning when it is backed by a verifier-tracked
reference. This retains the non-NULL return for pointers from bpf_obj_new(),
bpf_kptr_xchg(), or an earlier successful acquisition, while requiring a
NULL check for borrowed RCU kptrs.
Fixes: 1b12171533a9 ("bpf: Mark direct ld of stashed bpf_{rb,list}_node as non-owning ref") Reported-by: Nicholas Carlini <npc@anthropic.com> Suggested-by: Nicholas Carlini <npc@anthropic.com> Signed-off-by: Ning Ding <dingning04@gmail.com>
[ kkd: Rewrote commit log ] Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260904084325.52250-4-memxor@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
selftests/bpf: Reject non-percpu values in percpu kptr fields
Add verifier coverage for the two ways a non-percpu pointer can be stored
in a __percpu_kptr field: a program-BTF local allocation returned by
bpf_obj_new(), and a referenced kernel-BTF task_struct pointer.
Without the verifier fix, both programs are unexpectedly accepted and the
negative tests fail. Requiring MEM_PERCPU makes both programs fail
verification with the expected invalid-kptr diagnostic.
map_kptr_match_type() treats perm_flags as the set of register type flags
that a kptr field permits. Adding MEM_PERCPU to that set for
BPF_KPTR_PERCPU does not require the source register to carry it, however.
The subset test consequently accepts both a plain bpf_obj_new() allocation
and a referenced kernel pointer into a __percpu_kptr map field.
Loads from the field are always marked MEM_PERCPU. Consumers then treat the
stored value as the cookie returned by bpf_percpu_obj_new(): per-CPU pointer
helpers relocate it, and map teardown selects the per-CPU free path. A plain
allocation can therefore provide an arbitrary kernel read/write, while a
kernel pointer can be relocated into an invalid address or sent through a
missing destructor.
Require the source MEM_PERCPU flag to match the destination field kind.
This preserves valid bpf_percpu_obj_new() stores and rejects both the
program-BTF and kernel-BTF variants.
Fixes: 36d8bdf75a93 ("bpf: Add alloc/xchg/direct_access support for local percpu kptr") Reported-by: Nicholas Carlini <npc@anthropic.com> Suggested-by: Nicholas Carlini <npc@anthropic.com> Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260904084325.52250-2-memxor@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Ju Nan [Fri, 21 Aug 2026 02:47:57 +0000 (10:47 +0800)]
irqchip/stm32mp-exti: Fix the unit of the hwspinlock timeout
HWSPNLCK_TIMEOUT is passed to hwspin_lock_timeout_in_atomic(), whose
timeout argument is in milliseconds, not microseconds:
atomic_delay += HWSPINLOCK_RETRY_DELAY_US;
if (atomic_delay > to * 1000)
return -ETIMEDOUT;
So stm32mp_exti_set_type() asks for a 1 second timeout where the comment
next to the macro says it wants 1 millisecond. The semaphore is polled
with udelay() from a section that holds chip_data->rlock, a
raw_spinlock_t, so preemption stays disabled for the whole wait on every
configuration, PREEMPT_RT included.
The hwspinlock core documents this explicitly:
If the mode is HWLOCK_IN_ATOMIC (called from an atomic context) the
timeout is handled with busy-waiting delays, hence shall not exceed
few msecs.
Fixes: 5257169ade8c ("irqchip/stm32-exti: Use the hwspin_lock_timeout_in_atomic() API") Signed-off-by: Ju Nan <junan76@163.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Radu Rendec <radu@rendec.net> Reviewed-by: Antonio Borneo <antonio.borneo@foss.st.com> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260821024756.24927-2-junan76@163.com
Over the valid hwirq range [64, 1407], CLEAR only spans 0xa008-0xa0af
(168 bytes). Node 10's registers are:
TYPE: 0xa000-0xa00f (16 B) overlaps CLEAR by 8 B (0xa008-0xa00f)
VEC: 0xa200-0xa3ff (512 B) no overlap with CLEAR
Shifting the whole page moves VEC from 0xa200 to 0xb200. The hardware
reads the event ID from the fixed silicon address 0xa200 on interrupt
firing, but software wrote it to 0xb200 -- so the hardware gets an
uninitialised value and the interrupt is lost.
The only real overlap is 8 bytes of TYPE. It can only trigger when a
single mbigen instance has devices on both node 1 (CLEAR 0xa008) and
node 10 (TYPE 0xa008). On Hi1616 those nodes are on separate mbigen
instances, so it never triggers.
Fixes: 6be6cba9c4371d27f78d900ccfe34bb880d9ee20 ("irqchip/mbigen: Fix mbigen node address layout") Suggested-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: caina <caina@uniontech.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org> Acked-by: Yipeng Zou <zouyipeng@huawei.com> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260821091720.16665-1-caina@uniontech.com
Tao Cui [Fri, 4 Sep 2026 13:45:13 +0000 (21:45 +0800)]
LoongArch: KVM: Fix TOCTOU race on pv_features
In kvm_loongarch_cpucfg_set_attr() the check-then-set on
kvm->arch.pv_features is lockless, so two vCPUs can race past the
validation and set different values. Add a spinlock to protect it.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Reviewed-by: Bibo Mao <maobibo@loongson.cn> Signed-off-by: Tao Cui <cuitao@kylinos.cn> Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Zeng Chi [Fri, 4 Sep 2026 13:45:13 +0000 (21:45 +0800)]
LoongArch: KVM: Validate MSI data before routing it to EIOINTC
pch_msi_set_irq() passes e->msi.data straight into eiointc_set_irq() as
the irq number. The MSI data comes from userspace, that either via a
KVM_IRQ_ROUTING_MSI entry set with KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING (used by irqfd
and KVM_IRQ_LINE) or directly via KVM_SIGNAL_MSI, and is never checked
against EIOINTC_IRQS.
eiointc_set_irq() uses the value with __set_bit()/__clear_bit() on the
256-bit isr bitmap, eiointc_update_irq() then indexes sw_coremap[] and
the per-cpu coreisr/sw_coreisr bitmaps with it. Therefore a data value
>= 256 reads and writes memory past the end of those arrays, i.e. any
process holding a VM fd can corrupt kernel memory beyond the allocation
of loongarch_eiointc.
Reject MSI data that doesn't fit in the EIOINTC irq space. The DMSINTC
path is unaffected as it decodes the vector from the address and masks
it.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: 1928254c5ccb ("LoongArch: KVM: Add irqfd support") Reported-by: Sashiko <sashiko-bot@kernel.org> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260531140921.1B1181F00893@smtp.kernel.org/ Reviewed-by: Tao Cui <cuitao@kylinos.cn> Reviewed-by: Bibo Mao <maobibo@loongson.cn> Signed-off-by: Zeng Chi <zengchi@kylinos.cn> Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Zeng Chi [Fri, 4 Sep 2026 13:45:13 +0000 (21:45 +0800)]
LoongArch: KVM: Preserve memslot arch flags on KVM_MR_FLAGS_ONLY
kvm_arch_prepare_memory_region() computes new->arch.flags, i.e. whether
a memslot is KVM_MEM_HUGEPAGE_CAPABLE or KVM_MEM_HUGEPAGE_INCAPABLE,
only for KVM_MR_CREATE and KVM_MR_MOVE, and returns early for every
other change. But the generic code allocates a zeroed memslot for every
change and never copies old->arch, so after a KVM_MR_FLAGS_ONLY update,
e.g. toggling KVM_MEM_LOG_DIRTY_PAGES for live migration, the active
memslot has arch.flags == 0.
With both flags clear, fault_supports_huge_mapping() falls through to
the alignment check on the HVA range alone, which no longer verifies
that the GPA and HVA have the same offset within a PMD. A memslot that
was marked KVM_MEM_HUGEPAGE_INCAPABLE because of a GPA/HVA offset
mismatch can then be mapped with PMD entries on read faults, and since
kvm_map_page() aligns the gfn and the pfn independently, the guest ends
up accessing the wrong host pages, exactly the "d -> f, e -> g" case
described in the comment above the check.
Carry the arch flags over from the old memslot for KVM_MR_FLAGS_ONLY,
as the GPA, HVA and size are guaranteed to be unchanged for that case.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: 7ab6fb505b2a ("LoongArch: KVM: Optimization for memslot hugepage checking") Tested-by: Tao Cui <cuitao@kylinos.cn> Reviewed-by: Tao Cui <cuitao@kylinos.cn> Reviewed-by: Bibo Mao <maobibo@loongson.cn> Signed-off-by: Zeng Chi <zengchi@kylinos.cn> Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
projects / linux / log